Major Combat Operations
A while back I had a conversation with some peers about when Bush declared an end to "major combat operations" in Iraq. They gave me the approximately standard line that Bush was trying to say that the war was over, and of course he was wrong! Very, very wrong.
I asked Jason Van Steenwyk of Iraq Now for his perspective on Bush's statement. At the time, Van Steenwyk (a lieutenant in the US National Guard) was serving in Ramadi, so presumably he'd have an informed opinion. Below is his response, reposted here with his permission.Bush was right, although his language was imprecise.I endear you to think of this post the next time you hear the media imply that Bush declared the war was over that day. Thanks to Jason for his coherent explanation.Doctrinally, the military draws a distinction between 'high intensity, 'mid-intensity,' and 'low-intensity' warfare, and there's a doctrinal difference between levels of insurgency. A 'level 1' insurgency is essentially the 'bandit' stage of an insurgency. Level 1 Insurgents do not get the same protection under international law as Level II and Level III insurgencies do.
So when Bush gave that speech, he was recognizing several technical operational things:
There were a whole series of staff planning gear changes in place at that point.Supply operations changed a good deal--we could move construction supplies in, for example. All available cargo space did not have to be taken up by ammunition and immediate sustenance.
- We expected to be done with maneuver operations at division level and higher.
- The Army is still conducting a "movement to contact," but it's relying on the "search and attack technique" rather than the "approach march" technique.
- Civil Military Operations moved towards the top of the priority of work--replacing offensive operations as a priority on staff planning time.
- In terms of the principles of war, "Security" and "Economy of Force" recieved greater consideration, moved to the top slot, probably replacing "Mass" and "Maneuver."
Everything changed.
The legal status of the Iraqi government changed. We were now working WITH large segments of the Iraqi population. But that was happening at the grassroots level.
It was a huge grinding of the gears, taking place behind the scenes. Bush never promised that hostilities would cease. Anyone who says he said the war was over is repeating a lie.
You can have wars without 'major combat operations.' I.e., operations, say, at division level or above.
Think Belfast.
Jason